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Bioscience Reports Jan 2020Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare, locally aggressive malignant neoplasm that derives from cutaneous eccrine/apocrine glands. MAC is classified as an...
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a rare, locally aggressive malignant neoplasm that derives from cutaneous eccrine/apocrine glands. MAC is classified as an eccrine/apocrine gland tumor and usually occurs in the skin. Here, we characterized and compared two cases of MAC. One is extremely rare in terms of its occurrence in the tongue. The other occurred in the lip, which is common. Histories of disease, diagnosis, and differentials were reviewed by the attending physicians. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) slides were evaluated by an experienced pathologist. Immunological markers for malignant eccrine/apocrine gland tumors were used to characterize the tumor's nature. The examined markers included EMA, CK5/6, CK8/18, CK7, CK20, p63, S-100, Calponin, CD10, MYB, Bcl-2, Her-2, CD34, SMA, p53, CD43, CD117, and Ki-67. Both patients were males, presented with painless lumps in the lower lip and in the tongue, respectively. Both lumps were similar in terms of appearance, being whitish, and infiltrative with irregular borders. Both tumors also had similar histological features with nests of bland keratinocytes, cords, and ductal differentiation filled with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive eosinophilic material. In both cases, circular or ovary tumor cells invaded into muscles and nerves. All tumor cells were CK5/6, CK8/18, EMA, and CK7 positive. Particularly, keratinocytes were p63 positive, and paraductal cells were p63, S-100, and SMA positive. Therefore, the rare case of MAC in the tongue appears to derive from the salivary gland.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Differentiation; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Keratinocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Adnexal and Skin Appendage; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31912868
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20191557 -
Oncotarget Mar 2016Chemo/radio-therapy resistance to the deadly pancreatic cancer is mainly due to the failure to kill pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs). Signal transducer and activator...
Chemo/radio-therapy resistance to the deadly pancreatic cancer is mainly due to the failure to kill pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs). Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is activated in pancreatic CSCs and, therefore, may be a valid target for overcoming therapeutic resistance. Here we investigated the potential of STAT3 inhibition in sensitizing pancreatic cancer to chemo/radio-therapy. We found that the levels of nuclear pSTAT3 in pancreatic cancer correlated with advanced tumor grade and poor patient outcome. Liposomal delivery of a STAT3 inhibitor FLLL32 (Lip-FLLL32) inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 target genes in pancreatic cancer cells and tumors. Consequently, Lip-FLLL32 suppressed pancreatic cancer cell growth, and exhibited synergetic effects with gemcitabine and radiation treatment in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Lip-FLLL32 reduced ALDH1-positive CSC population and modulated several potential stem cell markers. These results demonstrate that Lip-FLLL32 suppresses pancreatic tumor growth and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to radiotherapy through inhibition of CSCs in a STAT3-dependent manner. By targeting pancreatic CSCs, Lip-FLLL32 provides a novel strategy for pancreatic cancer therapy via overcoming radioresistance.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemoradiotherapy; Curcumin; Deoxycytidine; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Mice; Mice, Nude; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Radiation Tolerance; Random Allocation; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Signal Transduction; Survival Analysis; Gemcitabine
PubMed: 26887043
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7336 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Dec 2022Oral cancer screening strategies help reduce associated mortality and could be performed by a trained frontline health worker (FHW). The present review aims to assess... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Oral cancer screening strategies help reduce associated mortality and could be performed by a trained frontline health worker (FHW). The present review aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of commonly used screening modalities for oral cancer performed by FHW in apparently healthy individuals.
METHODS
Electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, were searched. The review included studies conducted where apparently healthy adult individuals were screened by the FHW for cancer or PMD of the lip and oral cavity by any of the four commonly used techniques - Conventional Oral Examination (COE), toluidine blue staining (TBS), Oral Cytology (OC), and Chemiluminescent Illumination (CLI).
FINDINGS
A total of 2,413 potentially relevant articles were retrieved from the search, among which five studies for COE were included in the review. Four out of those five studies were done before the year 2000. None of the studies fitted the inclusion criteria for TBS, OC, and CLI. Pooled sensitivity of oral screening by COE performed by an FHW (n=5) was 88.8% (95% CI: 71.6-96.1), whereas pooled specificity was 91.9% (95% CI: 78.3-97.3). On subgroup analysis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of studies where the prevalence of disease was <50% (n=4) was 84.5% (95% CI: 62.6 - 94.7) and 94.1% (95% CI: 82.2 - 98.2), respectively.
INTERPRETATION
COE by trained FHW had high pooled sensitivity and specificity for screening of oral cancer and PMDs. The screening techniques TBS, OC, and CLI, were not studied for mass screening by trained FHW. COE by trained FHW could be utilized for oral screening in limited-resource settings. However, the FHW should be sufficiently trained to get the desired benefits of early detection.
FUNDING
Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Lip; Early Detection of Cancer; Mouth Neoplasms; Lip Neoplasms; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 36579978
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.12.3983 -
The Laryngoscope Aug 2023Oral cancers in the US-affiliated Pacific Islands are poorly described despite disproportionately higher incidences in certain jurisdictions. This study attempts to...
OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS
Oral cancers in the US-affiliated Pacific Islands are poorly described despite disproportionately higher incidences in certain jurisdictions. This study attempts to better characterize the incidence, staging, and management of oral cancers in this region.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective Epidemiological Study.
METHODS
A retrospective review was conducted across the US-affiliated Pacific Islands between 2007 and 2019. Patient data were obtained for individuals with primary head and neck cancers from the Pacific Regional Central Cancer Registry database. All cohorts were age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population. Further analysis was performed on oral cavity cancers due to their clear predominance within the sample.
RESULTS
A total of 585 patients with primary head and neck cancers were included. The average age was 54.5 ± 12.9 years, and most patients were male (76.8%). Oral cancer subsite analysis revealed the proportional incidence of buccal mucosa was higher in 5 of 9 jurisdictions when compared with the United States (p < 0.001). Tongue and lip cancers were not found to have significantly higher incidence proportions. Patients in the Pacific Islander group were less likely to be detected at earlier stages for cancers of the cheek and other mouth (p < 0.001), tongue (p < 0.001), and lips (p < 0.001) compared with the United States.
CONCLUSIONS
Many Pacific Island populations are burdened with higher incidences of oral cancer with later staging. Further investigation is recommended to evaluate oral cancer-related outcomes and mortality in this region.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3 Laryngoscope, 133:1899-1905, 2023.
Topics: Humans; Male; United States; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Female; Pacific Islands; Lip Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Mouth Neoplasms; Lip
PubMed: 36165583
DOI: 10.1002/lary.30419 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... May 2020The objective of this study was to describe the upper and lower lip lesion occurrence in an oral diagnostic service.
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study was to describe the upper and lower lip lesion occurrence in an oral diagnostic service.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective descriptive sectional study was performed. Clinical records were obtained from the archives of an Oral Diagnostic Service referral center between 2006 and 2016. Data such as gender, age, anatomical location, and diagnosis were collected and categorized. The collected data were submitted to a descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square test (p ≤ 0.05).
RESULTS
A total of 587 patient records of lip lesions were analyzed. Most lesions were diagnosed in female (52.1%) and adults (56.9%) patients in the lower lip (76.2%). Among all lip lesions, the reactive/inflammatory lesions (n = 238; 40.5%) and oral potentially malignant disorders (n = 164; 28%) were the most frequent group lesions. Mucocele (n = 147; 25%), actinic cheilitis (n = 136; 23.1%) and vascular lesions (n = 51; 8.7%) were the most frequent lesion in the sample. Actinic cheilitis was significant in relation to gender (p < 0.001), all three most frequent lesions were significant in concerning to age group and anatomical site.
CONCLUSIONS
Mucocele was the most common lower lip lesion in all age groups, followed by actinic cheilitis and vascular lesions, which mainly affected adults and the elderly.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cheilitis; Diagnostic Services; Female; Humans; Lip; Lip Neoplasms; Mouth Diseases; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32040463
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23390 -
CA: a Cancer Journal For Clinicians Jan 2017By using data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer publication Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents and GLOBOCAN, this report provides the first consolidated...
By using data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer publication Cancer Incidence in 5 Continents and GLOBOCAN, this report provides the first consolidated global estimation of the subsite distribution of new cases of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers by country, sex, and age for the year 2012. Major geographically based, sex-based, and age-based variations in the incidence of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers by subsite were observed. Lip cancers were highly frequent in Australia (associated with solar radiation) and in central and eastern Europe (associated with tobacco smoking). Cancers of the oral cavity and hypopharynx were highly common in south-central Asia, especially in India (associated with smokeless tobacco, bidi, and betel-quid use). Rates of oropharyngeal cancers were elevated in northern America and Europe, notably in Hungary, Slovakia, Germany, and France and were associated with alcohol use, tobacco smoking, and human papillomavirus infection. Nasopharyngeal cancers were most common in northern Africa and eastern/southeast Asia, indicative of genetic susceptibility combined with Epstein-Barr virus infection and early life carcinogenic exposures (nitrosamines and salted foods). The global incidence of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers of 529,500, corresponding to 3.8% of all cancer cases, is predicted to rise by 62% to 856,000 cases by 2035 because of changes in demographics. Given the rising incidence of lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancers and the variations in incidence by subsites across world regions and countries, there is a need for local, tailored approaches to prevention, screening, and treatment interventions that will optimally reduce the lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer burden in future decades. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:51-64. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Topics: Age Factors; Female; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 28076666
DOI: 10.3322/caac.21384 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2022Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor usually arising in the lower extremities and trunk. Only rare examples in the head and neck region...
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor usually arising in the lower extremities and trunk. Only rare examples in the head and neck region have been reported. Fifteen cases of head and neck LGFMS were retrieved. MUC4 was performed on all cases. Results for smooth muscle actins, β-catenin, desmin, S100 protein, Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and STAT6 immunohistochemistry, as well as FUS rearrangement status, were recorded when available. Sites included neck (8), supraclavicular region (4) and orbit (1), parapharyngeal space (1) and lower lip (1). The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 97 years (median, 26 years). Tumors displayed classical morphologic features of LGFMS, as described. All cases (15/15) were positive for MUC4, and all cases tested (4/4) harbored FUS rearrangement. Variable positivity for EMA was identified in one case. Follow-up was available in 11 patients, ranging from 2 to 240 months (mean 71.4 months; median, 44 months). Three tumors recurred locally; none metastasized. In conclusion, although distinctly uncommon, LGFMS may arise in the head and neck region and should be distinguished from other more common spindle cell tumors in these locations. The morphologic, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic features of head/neck LGFMS are identical to those occurring elsewhere. The long-term metastatic risk of LGFMS in these locations remains to be fully elucidated.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Child; Child, Preschool; Fibrosarcoma; Head; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 34559373
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01380-y -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) 2015Oral, lip and oropharyngeal cancer accounts for up to 75% of head and neck cancers. Dental professionals contribute to improved treatment outcomes through early...
BACKGROUND
Oral, lip and oropharyngeal cancer accounts for up to 75% of head and neck cancers. Dental professionals contribute to improved treatment outcomes through early detection of these cancers. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) are trained to participate in numerous phases of care for patients with oral, lip and oropharyngeal cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the participation of Ontario OMFS in various phases of oral, lip and oropharyngeal cancer care.
METHODS
A survey assessing participation of Ontario OMFS in screening, education, prevention, diagnosis, surgical oncology, reconstruction and rehabilitation of patients with oral, lip and oropharyngeal cancer was conducted in January and February 2013.
RESULTS
Of the 210 OMFS registered with the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario, 191 were contacted, and 95 (49.7%) responded to the survey. Of the respondents, 98.9% were involved in cancer screening, 96.8% were involved in prevention and early intervention (monitoring and treatment) of premalignant lesions and 94.7% participated in diagnosis and staging. Early stage oral, lip and oropharyngeal cancer was managed surgically by 44.1% of the respondents, while 6.4% managed late-stage disease. Oral rehabilitation was managed by 77.7% of respondents.
CONCLUSION
OMFS are an integral part of all phases of oral and oropharyngeal cancer care including primary surgical oncology in Ontario. Dental professionals can help improve outcomes of this care through early identification of cancer using surveillance examinations at all routine dental visits. This early detection contributes directly to disease-free survival and quality of life.
Topics: Female; Humans; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Mass Screening; Mouth Neoplasms; Ontario; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Patient Education as Topic; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 26030600
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2021To describe a new technique of surgical treatment of the lip commissure or buccal mucosa carcinomas, where we use local flaps (skin, buccal mucosa) of the sliding type.
PURPOSE
To describe a new technique of surgical treatment of the lip commissure or buccal mucosa carcinomas, where we use local flaps (skin, buccal mucosa) of the sliding type.
METHODS
According to the current technique, the ectomy ranges horizontally and in a cuneiform shape towards the side of the buccal cavity, and in the whole thickness of the layer (skin - mucosa), where the neoplastic focus is enclosed.
RESULTS
The difference in our technique consists of the following: To the vertical bi-cuneiform part of the wound a horizontal cuneiform part (with the top showing upwards) is added, with extent and width analogous to those of the cancerous injury (tri-cuneiform ectomy). The width of the gap across its horizontal part is larger on the side of the mucosa (continuous line), compared to the one along the side of the skin (punctuated line), since the mucosa, as a more versatile tissue, can be sutured easily, in contrast to the buccal skin, which is of greater thickness and shows lack of versatility, so that it can be pulled on with difficulty in order to be sutured. The planning of the injury, according to our described technique, facilitates the broad ectomy of the intraoral injuries in the area of the lip commissure and the buccal mucosa, with immediate suture of the flaps (buccal and skin gap), and the occlusion of the wound by primary intention.
CONCLUSIONS
Using this specific technique, in the cases of extended injuries infiltrating the skin or the subcutaneous tissue, the harming use of transposition (sliding or free) flaps is avoided.
Topics: Carcinoma; Humans; Lip; Lip Neoplasms; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 34268936
DOI: No ID Found -
Radiation Oncology (London, England) Apr 2015High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy using the mold technique is a less invasive treatment for early lip and oral cavity cancer. However, limited reports exist regarding...
BACKGROUND
High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy using the mold technique is a less invasive treatment for early lip and oral cavity cancer. However, limited reports exist regarding the feasibility of this method. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the outcome of this therapy and investigated its feasibility for lip and oral cavity tumors.
METHODS
Between May 2002 and December 2010, 17 patients (median age, 80.0 years) with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the lip or oral cavity were treated by means of HDR brachytherapy using the mold technique after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Tumor sites included the buccal mucosa in eight cases, the gingiva in three cases, the lips in two cases, the floor of the mouth in two cases, and the hard palate in two cases. For all patients, EBRT (30 Gy/15 fractions), was performed before HDR brachytherapy. Two 6-Gy fractions were delivered twice daily for 2 days a week with an interval of 6 hours between the fractions. The total HDR brachytherapy dose was 24 Gy. Prior to EBRT, two patients with neck metastasis underwent neck dissection, and one patient with an exophytic tumor underwent tumor resection.
RESULTS
The median follow-up period was 53.4 (range, 4.8-83.4) months. Of the 17 patients, 14 (82.4%) achieved a complete response, and three (17.6%) displayed a partial response. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were both 68.8%, the 3- and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were both 86.7%, and the 3- and 5-year local control rates were both 54.1%. Seven patients developed local recurrence at a median time of 3.4 (range, 1.7-29.1) months after treatment. Nodal and lung metastases occurred separately in two patients. By the end of the follow-up period, two patients had died of the primary disease and four patients had died of other causes.
CONCLUSIONS
Although there is a need to improve the technical aspects of the treatment protocol, HDR brachytherapy using the mold technique might be a therapeutic option for superficial lip or oral cavity tumors, especially in older patients who have a poor performance status or are in poor physical condition.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brachytherapy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lip Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Anatomic; Mouth Neoplasms; Mucositis; Neck Dissection; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Radiodermatitis; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Setup Errors; Radiotherapy, High-Energy; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 25888772
DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0390-z